Presentation on theme: "JUDAISM. -- MAP OF ISRAEL -- Abraham (1743 BC)  founded Judaism  made “ covenant ” with God  make Israel a great nation in exchange for remaining."— Presentation transcript:

Presentation on theme: "JUDAISM. -- MAP OF ISRAEL -- Abraham (1743 BC)  founded Judaism  made “ covenant ” with God  make Israel a great nation in exchange for remaining."— Presentation transcript:

1 JUDAISM 

2 -- MAP OF ISRAEL -- 

3 Abraham (1743 BC)  founded Judaism  made “ covenant ” with God  make Israel a great nation in exchange for remaining faithful  viewed as “ Chosen People ”  ‘ Patriarchs of Judaism ”  Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Jacob’s 12 sons Abraham (1743 BC)  founded Judaism  made “ covenant ” with God  make Israel a great nation in exchange for remaining faithful  viewed as “ Chosen People ”  ‘ Patriarchs of Judaism ”  Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Jacob’s 12 sons JUDAISM 

4 YAHWEH = GOD NATURE OF YAHWEH  is ONE, CREATOR, INCORPOREAL, OMNIPRESENT, OMNIPOTENT, OMNISCIENT, ETERNAL, JUST and MERCIFUL, PERFECT, FATHER and KING  God is above nature  Polytheistic religions felt their gods represented nature  Proof is not needed of God’s existence – existence of universe is proof enough YAHWEH = GOD NATURE OF YAHWEH  is ONE, CREATOR, INCORPOREAL, OMNIPRESENT, OMNIPOTENT, OMNISCIENT, ETERNAL, JUST and MERCIFUL, PERFECT, FATHER and KING  God is above nature  Polytheistic religions felt their gods represented nature  Proof is not needed of God’s existence – existence of universe is proof enough JUDAISM 

5 Yahweh focused on:  demanded “Ethical” behavior  Righteous living  Being dutiful  improve the “here and now” Torah  contained Instructions for living a correct life  “hitting the mark”  Sin = “missing the mark” Yahweh focused on:  demanded “Ethical” behavior  Righteous living  Being dutiful  improve the “here and now” Torah  contained Instructions for living a correct life  “hitting the mark”  Sin = “missing the mark” JUDAISM 

6 1600’s BCDrought/famine forced to move to Egypt  Jews became slaves to Egyptians 1200’s BC MOSES called to lead Hebrews out of Egypt  “ Burning Bush ”  10 Plagues against Egypt o Ramses II – Egyptian Pharaoh o each against a different Egyptian god proving God’s power o ” Passover ”  ” Exodus ” o parting of Red Sea JEWISH HISTORY 

7  Ten Commandments o Mt. Sinai o renewed covenant with Yahweh o ARK OF THE COVENANT  40 years in desert o Moses died…Joshua took Jews into the “Promise Land” JEWISH HISTORY 

8 KINGDOM OF ISRAEL  879 BC - SAUL – 1 ST King  877 BC - DAVID – king  (killed Goliath)  United 12 Tribes of Israel  Jerusalem became capital  836 BC - SOLOMON – king (wisest man)  height of Israel’s power  high taxes / forced labor  825 BC - built 1 st TEMPLE  Yahweh found in Temple  sacrifice KINGDOM OF ISRAEL  879 BC - SAUL – 1 ST King  877 BC - DAVID – king  (killed Goliath)  United 12 Tribes of Israel  Jerusalem became capital  836 BC - SOLOMON – king (wisest man)  height of Israel’s power  high taxes / forced labor  825 BC - built 1 st TEMPLE  Yahweh found in Temple  sacrifice Jewish History 

9 1 st Temple 

10 KINGDOM OF ISRAEL  After death of Solomon – Israel weakened, divided, and was conquered North = Israel South = Judah KINGDOM OF ISRAEL  After death of Solomon – Israel weakened, divided, and was conquered North = Israel South = Judah Jewish History 

11 722 BC  Assyrians destroyed Israel 586 BC  NEBUCHADNEZZAR conquered Judah // destroyed Temple  “ Diaspora ” – Jews fled to avoid persecution  ” Babylonian Captivity ”  Talmud written to preserve correct teachings  fear of losing teachings of Judaism Jewish History 

12 HAS GOD BEEN DEFEATED? IS HE GONE? Jewish History NO!! Prophet EZEKIEL said God is to be found everywhere NO!! Prophet EZEKIEL said God is to be found everywhere 

13 331 BC -- Alexander the Great  tolerated religions  spread “Hellenistic Culture” Synagogues developed  “House of Prayer” a)copy of Torah b)10 adult males Jewish History 

14 63 BC Rome conquered Israel Rome would allow Judaism: 1)Paid taxes to Rome 2)Caused no problems 70 AD Rome destroyed 2 nd Temple Jewish History 

15 TANAKH - Jewish Bible TORAH - written law 613 commandments (Mt. Sinai) “to hit the mark” PENTATUCH -- 1 st 5 books TALMUD - oral law written to preserve Judaism during attacks interpretation, explanation, application of written Torah HALAKAH – name for ALL Jewish law (Torah and Talmud) TANAKH - Jewish Bible TORAH - written law 613 commandments (Mt. Sinai) “to hit the mark” PENTATUCH -- 1 st 5 books TALMUD - oral law written to preserve Judaism during attacks interpretation, explanation, application of written Torah HALAKAH – name for ALL Jewish law (Torah and Talmud) JEWISH TEXTS 

16 JEWISH SECTS PHARISEES Largest Jewish Sect Opposed Greek influence Accepted Torah and Prophets Strict interpretation of Torah SADDUCEES Wealthy and powerful Okay with Greek Influence Accepted Torah, but NOT Prophets Did not believe in Angels and Afterlife Enemies of Pharisees ZEALOTS “Jewish Terrorists” Willing to fight against Roman control 

17 Jewish Symbols MENORAHSTAR OF DAVIDYARMULKE Symbol of Israel Mission to be the “light unto the nations” Newer symbol Top points to God Intertwining makes triangles inseparable Kippah (Hebrew) Reminder of God being above them servants to God 

18 JEWISH HOLY DAYS SHABBATYOM KIPPURROSH HASHANA PASSOVER Most important – only observance in 10 Commandments Friday Sundown to Saturday Sundown “ Day of atonement ” Ask forgiveness from God Only time High Priest could enter “Holy of Holies” Jewish New Year time to look back at the mistakes of the past year and make changes for the new year Remembrance of God’s “passing” over the homes of the Jews and delivering them safely from Egypt 

19 JEWISH LIFE KOSHER no mixing of dairy and meat; no pork products; no shell fish BAR / BAT MITZVAH (“son / daughter of the commandment”) boys = 13 //// girls = 12 obligated to observe the commandments (613) marks the right to take part in leading religious services, to count in a minyan (minimum # needed to perform certain parts of religious services) ceremonies are not required, but common 

20 How is Judaism related to Christianity? Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity, but is not a part of it Jews do not believe in “New Testament” Jesus was Jewish, but Jews do not believe Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago Did not feel Jesus was the “Messiah” – Jews felt the “Jewish Messiah” would not be divine – Jews felt he would be a political figure who restored the power of Israel and brought peace to Earth 

21 JUDAISM OLAM HA - BA “ The World to Come ” Jews believe that there is a world to come in which the Messiah will reign, a world in which the Jewish temple will be rebuilt and the nation of Israel will be fully restored, instituting a world order of justice and compassion. A “ Messianic Age.” 

22 The Wailing Wall 

23 Anti-Semitism Adolf Hitler  superiority of German Aryan race  blamed Jews for Germany’s loss in WWI  ”survival of strongest”  eliminate origins of God and morality  ” Final Solution ” = HOLOCAUST  6,000, creation of a new Israel  Zionism  Israeli-Palestinian Conflict JUDAISM 

Presentation on theme: "CHAPTER 3- THE ANCIENT ISRAELITES. Section 1- The First Israelites ◦Israelites were monotheist which meant they only believed in one god. ◦Israelite faith."— Presentation transcript:

1 CHAPTER 3- THE ANCIENT ISRAELITES 

2 Section 1- The First Israelites ◦Israelites were monotheist which meant they only believed in one god. ◦Israelite faith become the religion known today as Judaism. (Jewish) ◦Judaism influenced Christianity and Islam ◦Israelites spoke Hebrew ◦The Israelites wrote the Hebrew Bible. The Christians call this book the Old Testament. ◦Around 1200 B.C., Israelites built a kingdom in Canaan. 

3 Who is Abraham? ◦The Israelites believed they descended from a man named Abraham. ◦The Hebrew Bible says that God told Abraham and his people to leave Mesopotamia and settle in Canaan. ◦Abrahams grandson Jacob (also called Israel) raised 12 sons in Canaan. His family then divided into what is known as the 12 tribes of Israel. 

4 The Story of Moses ◦After 100 years of living in Canaan, there was a drought. This led the Israelites to Egypt. ◦The pharaoh enslaved Israelites and ordered all baby boys killed. ◦In order to save him, Moses’ mother sent him in a basket down river. The pharaohs daughter found him and raised him as Egyptian royalty. ◦One day, Moses found a burning bush and heard Gods voice instructing him lead the Israelites out of Egypt to freedom. ◦God sent 10 plagues to trouble Egypt. This convinced the pharaoh to let the Israelites go. ◦On the way back to Canaan, Moses went to the top of Mount Sinai and received the Torah. In the Torah were the 10 commandments. 

5 The Promised Land ◦Canaan was inhabited by Canaanites. ◦Israelites conquered Jericho, in Canaan. ◦A group of Canaanites called the Phoenicians created the first alphabet. ◦This idea was spread to the Greeks, and later the Romans. 

6 SECTION 2- THE KINGDOM OF ISRAEL 

7 Israelites vs. Philistines ◦The Israelites lived in Canaan with the much stronger Philistines. Philistines had much stronger tools and weapons. ◦A prophet is a person who Israelites thought was instructed by God. ◦Saul was the Israelites first king but he was replaced by David for disobeying Gods commands. ◦David & Goliath (A Philistine) David was a leader and hero to Israelites. ◦David grew the Israelite empire and is known as one of the greatest kings in history. 

8 King Solomon and the 2 kingdoms ◦Son of David, Solomon built a stone temple in Jerusalem. ◦Solomon was known for his proverbs, or wise sayings. ◦He was disliked by some Israelites for charging high taxes. ◦When Solomon died, the 12 tribes separated into two kingdoms: ◦In the North, the kingdom of Israel ◦In the South, the kingdom of Judah (Jews) 

9 Prophets and the Fall of Israel and Judah ◦Prophets brought hope to the kingdom of Israel during times when they feared attacks from the Assyrians and Chaldeans. ◦Israel fell to attacks by the Assyrians ◦King Neb of the Chaldeans captured Jerusalem, the capital of Judah. 

10 SECTION 3- THE GROWTH OF JUDAISM 

11 Judaism ◦During their time in exile, the Israelite religion became known as Judaism. ◦Jews met on Sabbath, during sundown Friday to sundown Saturday. ◦Synagogues are Jewish houses of worship. 

12 The Persians and Judah ◦In the 500’s B.C. the Persians defeated the Chaldeans and took over Babylon. ◦King Cyrus of the Persians permitted the Jews to return to Judah. Jews rebuilt Jerusalem but paid taxes to and followed the rules of the Persians. 

13 The Hebrew Bible ◦The Hebrew Bible is made up of the Torah, the Prophets and Writings that were added later. ◦The Hebrew Bible explains the creation of human beings, language, and the future. It is also a guide for every day living. 

14 The Greeks ◦In 334 B.C. Alexander the Great of Greece set out to conquer western Asia. He defeated the Persians but allowed Jews to stay in Judah. ◦Diaspora or “scattering” of Jews occurred. ◦These scattered Jews learned much of Greek culture and helped copy the Hebrew Bible into Greek. As a result, Jewish ideas spread into the Mediterranean world. 

15 The Jewish Way of Life ◦Rules for daily life: ◦Provide for the poor ◦Visit the sick ◦Do good deeds ◦Give to charity ◦Apply just laws to rich and poor alike ◦Self control ◦Sons carried on the family name and headed the household. ◦Boys learned how to make an income and taught them the Torah. Girls learned how to be good wives, mothers and housekeepers. ◦Jews could not eat pork, shellfish or smooth-skinned fish. ◦Kosher- Animals that are killed in a certain way, inspected, salted, and soaked. Jews must also not eat milk products with meat products. 

16 The Jews and Romans ◦In 63 B.C. Romans conquered Judah and changed it’s name to Judaea. They allowed Jewish rulers to run Judaea. ◦Eventually though Romans replaced Jewish leaders with Romans. This divided Jews and angered them. ◦In response to Roman abuse, Zealots rebelled against Romans. This caused the destruction and death of Jerusalem and many Jews. Judah then became known as Palestine. ◦Although they lost their land, Jews managed to survive. Rabbis were teachers of the Torah and spread Judaism. (Jewish celebrities)

Presentation on theme: "The Israelites. YHWH & The Covenant YHWH YHWH Yahweh Yahweh Jehovah Jehovah Elohim Elohim God God Struck a covenant with His chosen people, the Israelites."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Israelites 

2 YHWH & The Covenant YHWH YHWH Yahweh Yahweh Jehovah Jehovah Elohim Elohim God God Struck a covenant with His chosen people, the Israelites or Jews and promised them Canaan (Israel), a land “of milk & honey” Struck a covenant with His chosen people, the Israelites or Jews and promised them Canaan (Israel), a land “of milk & honey” 

3 Abraham About 2000 BC? About 2000 BC? Real or myth? Real or myth? Seen as the “founder” of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Seen as the “founder” of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Accepted Yahweh as the only true god, sealing the Covenant between his descendants and God Accepted Yahweh as the only true god, sealing the Covenant between his descendants and God His descendants are the Israelites His descendants are the Israelites 

4 Moses 1390 – 1270 BC? 1390 – 1270 BC? Real or myth? Real or myth? Jewish infant raised in Egyptian Pharaoh’s household Jewish infant raised in Egyptian Pharaoh’s household Led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt by bringing 10 plagues upon the nation Led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt by bringing 10 plagues upon the nation Parted the Red Sea Parted the Red Sea Received the Ten Commandments Received the Ten Commandments Recorder of the Torah Recorder of the Torah 

5 The Ten Commandments = basis for the legal system of the Israelites 

6 The Ten Commandments Ten Commandments (+ Roman law) became the foundation for all modern western law Ten Commandments (+ Roman law) became the foundation for all modern western law The basic moral code for Jews, Christians, Muslims, & even “nonbelievers” raised in Europe/Americas The basic moral code for Jews, Christians, Muslims, & even “nonbelievers” raised in Europe/Americas 

7 King David 1037 – 971 BC 1037 – 971 BC Some archaeological evidence exists that David was a real king of Israel Some archaeological evidence exists that David was a real king of Israel Supposedly killed a giant with just his slingshot as a boy Supposedly killed a giant with just his slingshot as a boy Seen as a righteous, yet flawed, king who raised Israel to a powerful kingdom Seen as a righteous, yet flawed, king who raised Israel to a powerful kingdom 

8 Solomon 971 – 931 BC (reign) 971 – 931 BC (reign) Son of David Son of David Known as an incredibly wise and just king (story of The Judgment of Solomon) Known as an incredibly wise and just king (story of The Judgment of Solomon) Built the First Jewish Temple, in Jerusalem Built the First Jewish Temple, in Jerusalem Had 700 wives?! Had 700 wives?! 

9 Solomon’s Temple 

10 Israel Became Divided Due to political rivalries and sectarian religious disputes, the Israelites became divided into two kingdoms, leading to their defeat at the hands of the Babylonians Due to political rivalries and sectarian religious disputes, the Israelites became divided into two kingdoms, leading to their defeat at the hands of the Babylonians 

11 The Babylonian Captivity 

12 The 2 nd Jewish Temple Eventually, the Persians would conquer the Babylonians and allow the Israelites to return to Jerusalem, where they rebuilt their temple Eventually, the Persians would conquer the Babylonians and allow the Israelites to return to Jerusalem, where they rebuilt their temple Temple stood until being destroyed by the Romans during the Jewish Rebellion of 66 AD, after which the Jews were sent into “diaspora” (the population was deliberately scattered across the Roman Empire in an effort to crush the Jewish culture Temple stood until being destroyed by the Romans during the Jewish Rebellion of 66 AD, after which the Jews were sent into “diaspora” (the population was deliberately scattered across the Roman Empire in an effort to crush the Jewish culture 

13 The Torah: Jewish version of the stories of Abraham and Moses The Five Books of Moses (The Pentateuch) The Five Books of Moses (The Pentateuch) Genesis Genesis Exodus Exodus Leviticus Leviticus Numbers Numbers Deuteronomy Deuteronomy 

14 The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) Consists of three parts of which the Torah is the first and holiest Consists of three parts of which the Torah is the first and holiest Roughly equivalent to the Christian Old Testament Roughly equivalent to the Christian Old Testament 

15 The Talmud Written 200 – 500 AD Written 200 – 500 AD Book of rabbinic discussion on Jewish law, ethics, customs, and history Book of rabbinic discussion on Jewish law, ethics, customs, and history Interprets the Tanakh and applies it to everyday life Interprets the Tanakh and applies it to everyday life 

16 As a faith, Jews Believe… In one God, creator of the universe, personal but non-corporeal In one God, creator of the universe, personal but non-corporeal In prophets of old – especially Moses, through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrew people In prophets of old – especially Moses, through whom Torah was revealed to the Hebrew people In Torah (first five books of the Bible), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew In Torah (first five books of the Bible), containing religious, moral and social law which guides the life of a Jew the Hebrew Bible does not include the New Testament the Hebrew Bible does not include the New Testament 

17 As a people, Jews are… A nation in Diaspora (dispersed) A nation in Diaspora (dispersed) 15 – 16 million in worldwide population 15 – 16 million in worldwide population United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in contemporary practice: United by a common heritage (an “ethnic” religion), divided in contemporary practice: Orthodox: Orthodox: Modern Modern Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox) Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox) Reformed (18 th century Germany) Reformed (18 th century Germany) Conservative – moderates, response to reform Conservative – moderates, response to reform Reconstructionalism (20 th century America) Reconstructionalism (20 th century America) 

18 As a way of life, Judaism is based on… 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”) 613 commandments found in Torah (“Written Law”) Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: Talmud (“Oral Law”) – commentary of ancient rabbis that elaborates on how to apply God’s Law in everyday life through: Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) Dietary rules (Kashrut/Kosher) Dress and other symbols Dress and other symbols Prayer and devotion to the one God Prayer and devotion to the one God The Temple and Temple rites The Temple and Temple rites Observance of Holy days Observance of Holy days Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc. Proper social relations between male and female, in business, judicial rulings, etc. 

19 How does Judaism sanctify life? Life cycle celebrations: Bris – ritual circumcision, sign of the covenant Bris – ritual circumcision, sign of the covenant Bar/Bat Mitzvah – full adult status and responsibility within the religion Bar/Bat Mitzvah – full adult status and responsibility within the religion Marriage - "Be fruitful and multiply" (Gen. 1:22) Marriage - "Be fruitful and multiply" (Gen. 1:22) Death – funerals, mourning (sitting “Shiva”), and memorials (“Yartzeits”) Death – funerals, mourning (sitting “Shiva”), and memorials (“Yartzeits”) 

20 Jewish Holy Days High Holidays: High Holidays: Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year) Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) Chanukah, the “Festival of Lights” Chanukah, the “Festival of Lights” Pesach (“Passover”) – commemorates the exodus from Egypt (events told in Exodus) Pesach (“Passover”) – commemorates the exodus from Egypt (events told in Exodus) Shabbat (Sabbath, 7 th day, on Saturday) – the “Day of Rest” Shabbat (Sabbath, 7 th day, on Saturday) – the “Day of Rest” 

21 How is Judaism related to Christianity? Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it Judaism predates Christianity – it is the foundation of Christianity but is not a part of it Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles Jesus was Jewish, as were his followers and the Apostles Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah Jews do not believe that Jesus was anything more than a good and wise man who lived and died 2000 years ago – Jews still await their messiah The Jewish messiah would not be divine. He would be a political figure who restores the Hebrew monarchy and causes peace to reign on Earth The Jewish messiah would not be divine. He would be a political figure who restores the Hebrew monarchy and causes peace to reign on Earth Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come” Jews are not concerned about salvation and the “world to come”